Water+Quality+Analysis

Water Quality Analysis

We used several kits to determine the water quality of 3 different samples:


 * Phosphate kit ||  || Pictures from Process or results ||
 * [[image:phosphate kit.jpg width="421" height="301"]] || [[image:phosphate instructions.jpg width="420" height="1141"]] || [[image:phophate reults.jpg width="546" height="895"]]

The concentration of phosphate is read by comparing the color of the treated sample to the color of the standard ||


 * Nitrate kit ||  ||   ||
 * [[image:nitrate kit.jpg width="425" height="389"]] || [[image:nitrate instructions.jpg width="416" height="834"]] ||  || [[image:nitrogen results.jpg width="445" height="553"]]

After performing the procedure, the resulting color is compared to the standard You can move the test tube to better compare the colors. ||  ||


 * Hardness kit ||  || Process and Results ||
 * [[image:hardness kit.jpg width="542" height="395"]] || [[image:water hardness instructions.jpg]] || After step 3, the solution turns red:

Fill the titrating syringe like this:



During step 6, while titrating with the hardness reagent the solution may turn to purple first.



However, you are done when it turns to blue



If you do not reach a blue color after titrating 2 syringes full, report the result as >xxxppm (you calculate!) ||


 * Oxygen kit ||  || Procedure ||
 * [[image:oxygen kit.jpg width="477" height="299"]] || **Dissolved Oxygen **

 Read all instructions before performing test.  Use this guide as a quick reference.

 1. Fill **__Water Sampling Bottle __** ( **#1 **)

 2. Add 8 drops of **__Manganous Sulfate Solution __** ( **#2 **)

 3. Add 8 drops of **__Alkaline Potassium Iodide Azide __**( **<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">#3 **<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">)

<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> 4. Cap and mix

<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> 5. Allow precipitate to settle

<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> 6. Add 8 drops of **__<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Sulfuric Acid __**<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> ( **<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">#4 **<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">)

<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> 7. Cap and mix until reagent and precipitate dissolve

<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> 8. Fill **__<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">test tube __**<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">( **<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">#5 **<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">) <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">to the **__ 20 ml line __**

<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> 9. Fill **__<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Syringe Titrator __**<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> ( **<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">#6 **<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">) <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif;">with **__<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Sodium Thiosulfate __**<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">( **<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">#7 **<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">)

<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">10. Add (“titrate”) **//one drop at a time//** until sample color <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> is pale yellow

<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">11. Add 8 drops of **__<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Starch Indicator __**<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">( **<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">#8 **<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">)

<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">12. Continue titration **//one drop at a time//** until blue color just <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> disappears and solution is colorless

<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">13. Read result: Note the division marking (on the titrator) of <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> the amount of indicator you’ve expelled from the syringe <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> titrator as **__<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">ppm __****<span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;"> __Dissolved__ __Oxygen__ **

<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Read the test result directly from <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> the scale where the large ring <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> on the titrator meets the titrator <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> barrel. Each minor division on the <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> scale = 0.2 ppm

<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Note: <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif;">If the plunger ring reaches the bottom line (= 10 ppm) before <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif;"> the endpoint color change occurs, **//refill//** the titrator and continue the <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif;"> titration. Include the value of the original amount dispensed <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif;"> (10 ppm) when recording the test result;

F <span style="color: #626262; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 20pt;"> **Cleanup !** ü <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Empty contents of reaction tube and titrator into <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">waste bottle ü <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Rinse tube, titrator with water; empty into waste bottle ü <span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Place tube and other materials back into the kit || Fill the bottle all the way with water, then add reagent 2

At step 4, the bottle will look like this



Allow precipitate to settle.



After adding sulfuric acid make sure that precipitate dissolves completely.

At step 10 - this is what pale yellow looks like



Adding starch indicator imparts a dark blue color to the sample



Fill the titration syringe like this:



Titrate slowly and swirl occasionally. Once the color starts changing, the sample turns clear in an instant.

As soon as the sample turns clear, stop the titration and read the result off the syringe.

||